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Thursday, August 23, 2018

Heyoka, Sun Dance And Lakota Culture

By Angela Fisher


When it comes to Native American history, some tribes are more well known than others. While this is the case, the lakota culture ceremonial and ritual practices are often well known. In fact, Sun Dance has become well known world-wide though the ceremonial is still considered a sacred rite among tribe members.

Heyoka, a jester, contrarian and satirist moves, speaks and reacts in opposition to others whom are present. Only those whom have had visions of thunder and whom have been accepted by community members can be recognized in this regard. Whereas, leaders such as Black Elk and others whom describe oneself as a Heyoka often do so because of visitations by thunder beings during childhood.

One of the most well known Native American rituals associated with the Lakota tribe is that of the Sun Dance ceremony. Practiced by a number of Indigenous tribes of Canada and North America, the ritual involves a gathering in which the tribes come together to pray for healing. Whereas, there are also other ceremonies which include tribal reunions and prayer held at pow wows on an ongoing basis which do not require an aspect of sacrifice.

A ban aimed at suppressing Indigenous cultures from practicing a number of ceremonies and rituals including Sun Dance was instituted by both Canada and the United States. The ban also prohibited tribes from speaking the Native tongues of the people. Canada was the first to lift the ban in the 1960s. Whereas, it was not until the late 1970s that the right to practice Sun Dance, other ceremonies, cultural activities and the use of Native languages was returned to tribes in the United States.

The Native Americans, Native Hawaiians, Aleuts and Eskimos gained protection through an act of the United States Congress which gave protection to the tribes along with preserving the religious and cultural rights associated with each of the tribes. After which, tribes could once again practice the ceremonies, rituals and speak using the native language of the tribe.

The sacred ceremony known as Sun Dance is often considered one of the toughest test of physical and spiritual endurance in the Indigenous community. For, it involves a tribal member being tied to a pole which is then pierced through the chest skin, thus allowing blood letting which represents the sacrificial aspect of the ceremony and the connection to community and the tribe.

Most tribal members are hesitant to discuss the specifics associated with various ceremonies and rituals. Due to the long period of misappropriation, tribes often fear outsiders will take and use the ceremony out of context. As such, most of the ceremonies and rituals are now presented in Native tongue so that the specifics of the events remain unknown to outsiders.

Ultimately, the Lakota and other tribes voted to pass a Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality at an event known as the Lakota Summit V. At which time, the declaration was passed unanimously by a gathering of leaders from forty bands and tribes. After which, anyone caught exploiting aspects of the tribes could be tried and punished under local tribal law.




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